📄 Category

radiology and imaging

42 papers

Radiology and imaging serve as the eyes of modern medicine, allowing doctors to peer inside the human body without making a single incision. This rapidly evolving field uses technologies like X-rays, MRI scans, and ultrasound to detect diseases, guide treatments, and monitor patient recovery. As new research emerges, these visual tools become increasingly sophisticated, offering deeper insights into conditions ranging from broken bones to complex neurological disorders.

At Gist.Science, we bridge the gap between raw scientific data and public understanding by processing every new preprint in this category from medRxiv. Our team translates these complex studies into both plain-language overviews and detailed technical summaries, ensuring that breakthroughs in medical imaging are accessible to everyone, from students to specialists. Below are the latest papers in radiology and imaging, ready for you to explore.

A CT-Based Study to Evaluate the Correlation Between Age-Related Cerebral Atrophy and Presenting Neurological Symptoms in Adult Patients: A Retrospective Cross-Sectional Analysis from Gujranwala, Pakistan

This retrospective study of 66 adult patients in Gujranwala, Pakistan, demonstrates that age-related cerebral atrophy observed on non-contrast CT scans is significantly correlated with specific neurological symptoms such as slurred speech, ataxia, and numbness, independent of age, supporting the integration of standardized atrophy reporting into routine radiology practice in resource-limited settings.

Noreen, S., Tahir, M., Habib, H., Akram, H., Talha, M.2026-05-25📄 radiology and imaging

Geometric brain signatures of Alzheimer's disease progression and subtypes

This study introduces a novel framework that utilizes geometric brain signatures derived from multiple neuroimaging modalities to accurately identify distinct Alzheimer's disease subtypes and progression trajectories, outperforming conventional localized features in stability and biological relevance.

Tong, B., Cao, T., Duong-Tran, D., Davatzikos, C., Thompson, P., Andrew, S. J., Fornito, A., Shen, L.2026-05-18📄 radiology and imaging

Bayesian Nonparametrics for Normative Modelling in Multiple Sclerosis via Modularised Inference

This paper proposes a modularized Bayesian framework combining Bayesian Additive Regression Trees (BART) for flexible, uncertainty-aware normative modeling of Multiple Sclerosis deviations and a SoftBART survival model to propagate this uncertainty, demonstrating superior calibration and prediction accuracy over traditional two-step approaches in large clinical datasets.

Taschler, B., Nichols, T. E., Ganjgahi, H.2026-05-15📄 radiology and imaging

Consensus-based technical recommendations for clinical translation of renal Dynamic Contrast-Enhanced (DCE) MRI

This paper presents expert consensus-based technical recommendations for the clinical translation of renal Dynamic Contrast-Enhanced (DCE) MRI, aiming to standardize protocols and improve cross-site comparability through a modified Delphi process involving an international panel of experts.

Gunwhy, E. R., Kurugol, S., Serai, S., van der Molen, A. J., Abou El-Ghar, M., Buckley, D. L., Hockings, P. D., Jones, R. A., Lim, R. P., Mendichovszky, I. A., Pedersen, M., Reynolds, H. M., Sanmiguel (…)2026-05-14📄 radiology and imaging

Retrieval-Augmented Claude Opus 4.7 and GPT-5.5 Surpass Human Performance on the Nuclear Cardiology Board Preparation Exam (and Claude Drafts a Paper About it)

Next-generation large language models, specifically Claude Opus 4.7 and GPT-5.5, equipped with retrieval-augmented generation using domain-specific nuclear cardiology resources, achieved mean accuracy rates of approximately 86% on the ASNC Board Preparation Exam, surpassing both the estimated passing threshold and the average performance of human fellows-in-training.

Killekar, A., Shanbhag, A., Miller, R. J., Dey, D., Bourque, J., Phillips, L., Chareonthaitawee, P., Slomka, P.2026-05-13📄 radiology and imaging

Reproducibility of Apparent Diffusion Coefficient and Restriction Spectrum Imaging Restriction Score in the Prostate Across MRI Sessions, Vendors, and Acquisition Settings: a Prospective Study

This prospective study demonstrates that while Apparent Diffusion Coefficient (ADC) shows limited reproducibility across MRI sessions and vendors, the Restriction Spectrum Imaging restriction score maximum value (RSIrs-max) exhibits significantly stronger cross-session reproducibility in prostate cancer detection, even under varying acquisition settings and vendor conditions.

song, y., Conlin, C. C., Lee, K.-L., Dornisch, A., Barrett, T., Do, S., Do, D. D., Margolis, D. J., Rakow-Penner, R., Dale, A., Liss, M. A., Seibert, T. M.2026-05-13📄 radiology and imaging

Reconsidering Brain Age: Why Age-Prediction Models Fail as Measures of Brain Aging

This paper argues that current brain age models are fundamentally flawed as biomarkers for accelerated aging because they are trained to prioritize shared chronological patterns while ignoring individual trajectories, leading to misleading conclusions that stable anatomical differences are signs of neurodegeneration.

Grodem, E. O. S., Smith, S. M., Vidal-Pineiro, D., Elliott, M. L., for the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative,, Walhovd, K. B., Fjell, A. M.2026-05-08📄 radiology and imaging

A Low-Cost, Microcontroller-Based Gas Delivery System for Respiratory Stimuli in MRI Studies

This paper presents the design, validation, and successful application of a low-cost, microcontroller-based gas delivery system that automates and synchronizes fixed respiratory stimuli with MRI acquisition, demonstrating reliable physiological and BOLD signal responses in cerebrovascular reactivity studies.

Blockley, N. P., Alzaidi, A. A., Milbourn, C. C., Bulte, D. P., Rudgewick-Brown, A., Rieger, S. W.2026-05-07📄 radiology and imaging

Retrospective safety testing of the CT Clock method for identifying treatment-eligible patients with ischaemic stroke of unknown onset time: Study Protocol

This study protocol outlines a retrospective safety analysis of the "CT Clock" method, a simple technique using standard CT scans to identify ischaemic stroke patients with unknown onset times who may safely receive thrombolysis beyond the standard four-and-a-half-hour window, aiming to expand treatment access to hospitals lacking advanced imaging capabilities.

Mair, G., Chappell, F. M.2026-05-03📄 radiology and imaging